The state reigns over everything that extends across its territories and possesses all that lies beneath its soil, as well as all the wealth that comes from it, including water, mineral, and oil resources, etc. It owns rivers, springs, lakes, internal seas, and coastlines, in addition to adjacent areas such as maritime borders. All of these fall under the sovereignty of the state, which must protect them according to precise calculations that adhere to the laws of the United Nations and international and regional organizations.

The state also extends its sovereignty over the airspace above it and is obliged to protect it, as well as having the right to regulate air traffic within it according to its interests and security, and in accordance with treaties concluded between it and other states to achieve mutual benefits.