The state has sovereignty over everything within its territory, owns everything that lies beneath its soil, and all its water, mineral, and oil resources. It owns rivers, springs, lakes, inland seas, and the coastline, in addition to the areas adjacent to them, such as maritime borders. All of these fall within the state’s sovereignty, and it must protect them according to precise calculations, subject to the laws of the United Nations and international and regional organizations.
The state also extends its sovereignty over the airspace above it, and it is obligated to protect it. It also has the right to regulate air traffic therein according to its interests and security, and in accordance with treaties concluded between it and other states with the aim of achieving their common interests.